Japanese newspaper
実験じっけんしつない宇宙塵うちゅうじん再現さいげん生命せいめい起源きげん解明かいめいあたらみちひら
2026-02-20 03:01:08
Translation
Khánh Ngọc Trần Lê 10:02 20/02/2026
0 0
Add translation
実験じっけんしつない宇宙塵うちゅうじん再現さいげん生命せいめい起源きげん解明かいめいあたらみちひら
label.tran_page Reproducing cosmic dust in the laboratory opens a new path to elucidating the origin of life
宇宙塵うちゅうじん実験じっけんしつない再現さいげんこころ空想科学くうそうかがくいきおも
label.tran_page Attempts to recreate space dust in the laboratory were once thought to be nothing more than science fiction.
しかしだいがく材料ざいりょう物理ぶつりがく専攻せんこうまさにこの課題かだい挑戦ちょうせん実際じっさい宇宙塵うちゅうじん生成せいせい成功せいこうある
label.tran_page However, Linda Rosrud, who majors in materials and plasma physics at the University of Sydney in Australia, took on this challenge and actually succeeded in creating space dust.
彼女かのじょ研究成果けんきゅうせいか米国べいこく天文学会てんもんがっかい発行はっこうApJ発表はっぴょう注目ちゅうもくあつ
label.tran_page Her research results were published in the Astrophysical Journal (ApJ) published by the American Astronomical Society and are attracting attention.


宇宙塵うちゅうじんうちゅう構成こうせい不可欠ふかけつ物質ぶっしつほし形成けいせい有機分子ゆうきぶんし生成せいせいなど生命せいめい起源きげんふか関与かんよ
label.tran_page Cosmic dust is an essential material that makes up the universe, and is deeply involved in the origin of life, including the formation of stars and the production of organic molecules.
空間せいかんくうかん無数むすう宇宙塵うちゅうじん存在そんざい彗星すいせいいんせき成分せいぶん
label.tran_page There are countless amounts of cosmic dust in interstellar space, and it is also known as a component of comets and meteorites.

しかし地球ちきゅうじょう宇宙塵うちゅうじん直接ちょくせつ採取さいしゅ詳細しょうさい分析ぶんせききわ困難こんなんある
label.tran_page However, it is extremely difficult to directly collect space dust on Earth and analyze it in detail.
なぜなら地球ちきゅうそそ宇宙由来うちゅうゆらい粒子りゅうしおお大気突入たいきけんとつにゅうじたとえいんせき地表ちひょう到達とうたつ場合ばあいでもその発見はっけん回収かいしゅう容易ようい
label.tran_page This is because many of the particles originating from space that fall on Earth burn up when they enter the atmosphere, and even if they reach the surface as meteorites, it is not easy to find and recover them.


背景はいけい実験じっけんしつ宇宙塵うちゅうじん再現さいげん地球生命ちきゅうせいめい起源きげんせまあたらアプローチ提案ていあん
label.tran_page Against this background, Mr. Rosrud is proposing a new approach to understanding the origins of life on Earth by recreating cosmic dust in the laboratory.
生命せいめい起源きげんおおなぞ解明かいめいその構成要素こうせいようそ経路けいろあき必要ひつようある強調きょうちょう
label.tran_page He emphasizes, ``In order to solve the great mystery of the origin of life, it is necessary to clarify the paths that its constituent elements have taken.''
すなわち地球ちきゅうじょう炭素たんそどこ誕生たんじょうどの経過けいかさんなど有機分子ゆうきぶんし形成けいせいいた根本こんぽんてきある
label.tran_page In other words, we are confronting the fundamental question of where carbon on Earth originates and what processes it undergoes to form organic molecules such as amino acids.


さん初期地球しょきちきゅう最初さいしょあらわ分子ぶんしひとせいめいかつどうこんかんしつごうせいふかけつある
label.tran_page Amino acids are one of the first molecules that appeared on the early Earth, and are essential for protein synthesis, which is the basis of life activities.
しかしさん地球ちきゅうじょう自然発生しぜんはっせいそれとも宇宙うちゅういぜん議論ぎろんつづ
label.tran_page However, there is still debate as to whether amino acids occur naturally on Earth or come from space.

宇宙塵うちゅうじん模擬もぎてき生成せいせい化学進化かがくしんか過程かてい実験じっけんてき検証けんしょう有効ゆうこう手段しゅだんなるかんが
label.tran_page Losrud believes that creating simulated cosmic dust will be an effective means to experimentally verify the process of chemical evolution.


だいがく教授きょうじゅ窒素ちっそ酸化炭素にさんかたんそたんそ水素すいそ真空状態しんくうじょうたいガラス管内がらすかんない注入ちゅうにゅう1まんボルト電圧でんあつ1時間じかんくわ放電ほうでんじょうたいつく
label.tran_page Rosrud and Professor David McKenzie of the University of Sydney injected acetylene, which is made up of nitrogen and carbon dioxide, as well as carbon and hydrogen, into a vacuum glass tube and applied a voltage of 10,000 volts over an hour to create a plasma state called a "glow discharge."
この環境かんきょうか気体きたいちゅう電子でんし活発かっぱつ運動うんどう微粒子びりゅうし凝集ぎょうしゅうすう規模きぼりゅうしじょう宇宙塵うちゅうじん生成せいせいある
label.tran_page In this environment, electrons in the gas actively moved and particles agglomerated, producing nanoparticle-like cosmic dust on the scale of several milligrams.
生成せいせいちりじょう付着ふちゃく分析ぶんせきその物理ぶつりてき化学かがくてき特徴とくちょう詳細しょうさい調査ちょうさ
label.tran_page The generated dust was deposited on a silicon wafer and analyzed, and its physical and chemical characteristics were investigated in detail.

自然しぜんかい複雑ふくざつおよ巨星きょせい新星ちょうしんせい残骸ざんがいあるいは星雲周辺せいうんしゅうへん環境かんきょうちか条件じょうけん再現さいげんめざ
label.tran_page Rosrud said, ``Although not as complex as the natural world, we aim to recreate conditions close to the environment around giant stars, supernova remnants, or nebulae.''
こうして人工じんこうじん宇宙塵うちゅうじん形成けいせい直後ちょくご状態じょうたい非常ひじょうちか地球ちきゅう到達とうたつ多様たよう化学変化かがくへんか解明かいめいうえ貴重きちょう提供ていきょう
label.tran_page The artificial dust obtained in this way is very close to the state immediately after cosmic dust is formed, and it will provide valuable clues to elucidate the various chemical changes that space dust undergoes before reaching Earth.


今後こんご条件下じょうけんかちり生成せいせいその構築こうちく課題かだいなる
label.tran_page The future challenge will be to generate dust under various conditions and build a database of it.
将来しょうらいわたし生成せいせいちり本物ほんもの宇宙塵うちゅうじんちか特定とくていいんせき比較ひかく可能かのうなる期待きたいかた
label.tran_page Rosrud says, ``In the future, we hope that the dust we produce will be closer to real cosmic dust and that comparisons with certain meteorites will be possible.''

この研究けんきゅう宇宙空間うちゅうくうかん有機物生成ゆうきぶつせいせい過程かていたく再現さいげん専門せんもんかたか評価ひょうか
label.tran_page This research has been highly praised by experts as a skillful reproduction of the process of organic matter production in outer space.
べい大学だいがく研究ほんけんきゅう観測かんそく実験じっけんあいだ存在そんざいおおへだ指摘してき恒星環境こうせいかんきょうか複雑ふくざつ有機物ゆうきぶつ生成せいせい可能かのうせいたかこれ太陽たいようけい銀河ぎんがけい全体ぜんたい普遍ふへんてき現象げんしょうある示唆しさ
label.tran_page Damanbir Grewal of Yale University points out, ``This study bridges a large gap between observation and experiment,'' adding, ``It is highly likely that complex organic matter was produced in a stellar environment, suggesting that this is a universal phenomenon not only in the solar system but throughout the galaxy.''
すなわち生命せいめい不可欠ふかけつ化学要素かがくようそ銀河系ぎんがけい各地かくち惑星わくせいけいひろ存在そんざい可能かのうせいたかあたら視点してんある
label.tran_page In other words, it brings a new perspective that the chemical elements essential to life are likely to exist widely in planetary systems throughout the galaxy.